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GRANT PRIVILEGE

GRANT grants privileges on a database object. The PUBLIC pseudo-role can be used to indicate that the privileges should be granted to all roles (including roles that might not exist yet).

Privileges are cumulative: revoking a privilege from PUBLIC does not mean all roles have lost that privilege, if certain roles were explicitly granted that privilege.

Syntax

GRANT privilege , ALL PRIVILEGES ON TABLE TYPE SECRET CONNECTION DATABASE SCHEMA CLUSTER object_name , SYSTEM ALL TABLES TYPES SECRETS CONNECTIONS IN SCHEMA schema_name , TABLES TYPES SECRETS CONNECTIONS SCHEMAS IN DATABASE database_name , DATABASES SCHEMAS CLUSTERS TO GROUP role_name ,

privilege

SELECT INSERT UPDATE DELETE CREATE USAGE CREATEROLE CREATEDB CREATECLUSTER
Field Use
object_name The object that privileges are being granted on.
ALL object_type IN SCHEMA schema_name The privilege will be granted on all objects of object_type in schema_name.
ALL object_type IN DATABASE database_name The privilege will be granted on all objects of object_type in database_name.
ALL object_type The privilege will be granted on all objects of object_type, excluding system objects.
role_name The role name that is gaining privileges. Use the PUBLIC pseudo-role to grant privileges to all roles.
SELECT Allows reading rows from an object. The abbreviation for this privilege is ‘r’ (read).
INSERT Allows inserting into an object. The abbreviation for this privilege is ‘a’ (append).
UPDATE Allows updating an object (requires SELECT if a read is necessary). The abbreviation for this privilege is ‘w’ (write).
DELETE Allows deleting from an object (requires SELECT if a read is necessary). The abbreviation for this privilege is ’d'.
CREATE Allows creating a new object within another object. The abbreviation for this privilege is ‘C’.
USAGE Allows using an object or looking up members of an object. The abbreviation for this privilege is ‘U’.
CREATEROLE Allows creating, altering, deleting roles and the ability to grant and revoke role membership. This privilege is very powerful. It allows roles to grant and revoke membership in other roles, even if it doesn’t have explicit membership in those roles. As a consequence, any role with this privilege can obtain the privileges of any other role in the system. The abbreviation for this privilege is ‘R’ (Role).
CREATEDB Allows creating databases. The abbreviation for this privilege is ‘B’ (dataBase).
CREATECLUSTER Allows creating clusters. The abbreviation for this privilege is ‘N’ (compute Node).
ALL PRIVILEGES All applicable privileges for the provided object type.
GROUP This is an optional keyword that has no effect but is part of the SQL standard.

Details

The following table describes which privileges are applicable to which objects:

Object type All privileges
SYSTEM RBN
DATABASE UC
SCHEMA UC
TABLE arwd
(VIEW) r
(MATERIALIZED VIEW) r
INDEX
TYPE U
(SOURCE) r
SINK
CONNECTION U
SECRET U
CLUSTER UC

Unlike PostgreSQL, UPDATE and DELETE always require SELECT privileges on the object being updated.

Compatibility

For PostgreSQL compatibility reasons, you must specify TABLE as the object type for sources, views, and materialized views, or omit the object type.

Examples

GRANT SELECT ON mv TO joe, mike;

GRANT USAGE, CREATE ON DATABASE materialize TO joe;

GRANT ALL ON CLUSTER dev TO joe;

GRANT CREATEDB ON SYSTEM TO joe;

Privileges

The privileges required to execute this statement are:

  • Ownership of affected objects.
  • USAGE privileges on the containing database if the affected object is a schema.
  • USAGE privileges on the containing schema if the affected object is namespaced by a schema.
  • superuser status if the privilege is a system privilege.

Useful views

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